Kenya inhabits variety of snakes, both poisonous and non-poisonous. Snake bites pose a serious health risk among those living in bite prone areas like arid and bushy areas of Kenya, although snake bites can occur in any part of the country.

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Some of the poisonous snakes in Kenya are Puff Adders, Gabon Vipers, Red and Black Spitting Cobras, Black Mamba, Green mamba and Boom slang among others. There are no clear facts and figures concerning the prevalence of snake bites in the country, probably because little efforts are being put on epidemiologic studies.

Snake bite related deaths still occur because of use of traditional methods in management like the “magical black stone” that is believed to suck out poison from blood of the victim. Inaccessibility to the health centers and inadequate anti-venom specialists and drugs in health facilities also predispose victims to poor prognosis after the bite.

It is not easy to distinguish between venomous and non-venomous snakes unless one is sure about the snake’s identity. This should mean that any snake bite should be treated like that of a poisonous one.

What are the signs and symptoms of snake bites? One should look out for two puncture wounds that are red, swollen and painful. The affected area can be numb and the victim might have nausea and vomiting, excessive sweating and salivation and dizziness. Low blood pressure can ensue and lead to death if immediate attention is not taken.

If bitten, avoid confronting the snake as this may lead to a second bite. The first step is to call an emergency number. First aid for snake bites include:

• Keeping the victim still to limit further spread of the venom.

• Remove constricting materials in the area like jewelry.

• If the snake is dead, carry it with you to the hospital as quickly as possible.

Here are the DON’TS during a snake bite. Do not:

• Tie the bitten area using any material as this will impede blood flow and lead to death of the surrounding tissue.

• Cut the bitten area. This may lead to further blood loss and exacerbate the low blood pressure.

• Elevate the victim’s affected area as this hastens spread of poison back to the heart.

• Hunt the snake that has caused the bite. This increases the risk of a second bite.